Radar equation pdf

CONTACT. 1243 Schamberger Freeway Apt. 502Port Orvilleville, ON H8J-6M9 (719) 696-2375 x665 [email protected] Rayleigh pdf Describes the envelope of a narrowband filter (such as the IF filter of a radar receiver) when the input noise voltage is gaussian Describes the statistical behavior of the radar cross section of some targets and clutter Mean square value is m 2 Standard deviation is equal to sqrt((4/p)-1)=0.523* mean Exponential (Rayleigh power pdf) We will get those modified forms of Radar range equation from the standard form of Radar range equation. Now, let us discuss about the derivation of the standard form of Radar range equation. Derivation of Radar Range Equation The standard form of Radar range equation is also called as simple form of Radar range equation. Now, let us derive the Mathematics of Radar Bill Moran 1. Radar Fundamentals 1.1. Introduction Radar is now used in many applications — meteorology, mapping, air traffic control, ship and aircraft navigation, altimeters on aircraft, police speeding control, etc. It is now being used in the form of ground penetrating radar for mineral exploration and delineation Prof. Oswaldo Massambani - Department of Atmospheric Sciences - University of São Paulo - Brazil RADAR BASICS 1941 - Radar Meteorology at Radiation Laboratory - MIT 1942 - The old B-18s carried the first operational aircraft microwave radar, the S-band SCR-517. 1944 - Radar training of the Army Air Corps Weather Officers 1944 - Stormy Weather Group in Radar Meteorology at McGill University We can use the following standard form of Radar range equation in order to calculate the maximum range of Radar for given specifications. R M a x = [ P t G σ A e ( 4 π) 2 S m i n] 1 / 4 Substitute all the given parameters in above equation. R M a x = [ ( 250 × 10 3) ( 4000) ( 25) ( 4) ( 4 π) 2 ( 10 − 12)] 1 / 4 ⇒ R M a x = 158 K M The Radar Range Equation - the radar range equation relates the range of the radar to the characteristics of the transmitter, receiver, antenna, target and the environment. - it is used as a tool to help in specifying radar subsystem specifications in the design phase of a program. The equation for the radar system is climacteric. In this case, it is influenced by factors such as the climate. The equation can be used to describe the features of the provided radar system. Figure 4 shows the range frequency and electromagnetic spectrum attributed to the radar system. (ii). Types of Radar System Primary Radar System pulsed-microwave signal is generated by the radar system, beamed toward the target in question, and collected by the same antenna that transmitted the signal. The signal power at the radar receiver is directly proportional to the transmitted power, the antenna gain (or aperture size), and the degree to which a target reflects the radar signal The simple form of radar range equation was discussed in chapter-1 and is given by (2.1) where P t = transmitted power, watts G = antenna gain A e2= antenna effective aperture, m σ = radar cross section, m2 S min = minimum detectable signal, watts where h is defined as the radar reflectivity. Its units are m2 m-3 or m-1 or cm-1. Substitute this into the radar equation for point targets to find: 3 4 2 2 64 R G PV P t r p l h = 1 Consider the pulse volume: (symectric, Gaussian) 8ln(2) 2 (symetric ) 8 (general) 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 R h V R h V R R h V p qj q j p q q f p = = = = Substitute V 3 Radar Cross Section (RCS) RCS and measured in m2. It depends on three facto